Ahad, 25 Disember 2011

English Paper 2

To my pupils, who make my work a celebration.

I am extremely grateful to Allah, all of you made this module a joy to write.

Knowing about sentence structure, about simple, compound,
and complex sentences will help you utilize sentence variety more effectively.
They make writing interesting!



     A simple formula to answer
               Q1 (Paper 2)




                                       

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                                                                       I love to teach as I love to learn and I can
                                                                                          connect with fresh young minds who challenge
                                                          me to give my best.




            Affidah bt Afandi
      
                         TO TEACH IS TO LEARN TWICE  -  Joseph Joubert







Table of Contents                                                Page
        _______________________________________________



          Preface                                                                            i


UNIT 1        How To Write                                                         3



UNIT  2        A Simple Formula                                                   4
i.             Simple Sentence                                             4
ii.            Compound Sentence                                      5
iii.           Complex Sentence                                         7

UNIT 3        Constructing Sentences                                           8
                   3.1     At Home                                                      8
                   3.2     At School                                                    26
                   3.3     Places Around Us                                         39

UNIT 1                       HOW TO WRITE



1.    In English sentences are written with a subject (S), a verb( V), and an object( Object)

2.    Write a variety of sentence types :
i.              Simple sentence ;
ii.             Compound sentence ; and
iii.            Complex sentence

3.    Your tips  -  Please identify these :
subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third. 
1.    Subject      =          S         
                             the person or animal that is doing the action      =    Who ?
2.    Verb              =             V
         the action      =          What is /are the people or animal doing ?
3.    Object        =          O
   to  complete the verb's meaning       =          What? or Whom? (a person or thing)

4.    When you are able to write simple sentences, meaning that you have a good foundation to construct compound and complex sentences.
Believe what I say…

UNIT   2                      A SIMPLE FORMULA


Simple Sentence

         Simple Sentence
 

i.               




·           S   +   V   +   O    or  (Complement)
Subject

 Object
  Verb
 

   +    *is / are     +                          +     * -ing    +
         
                        EXAMPLES:
                        Sentence 1:                1 Subject   +   1 Verb
(a)   The girl              is wiping         the window panes      with a piece of wet cloth.
Object

Subject
Verb
  
                                                
(b)    The girl   wipe  the window panes   with a piece of wet cloth.
(c)   The monkey is chasing some boys at the beach..
(d)    The  boy  repairs his bicycle near the school gate.
               
        Sentence 2:                2 subjects  +    1 Verb
                (a)    The woman and her daughter          put              the  bread                 on the table.
Subject



Object
Subject


Complement
Verb
 

                                   
(b)  The  woman  and  her  daughter   are putting   the  bread on the table.
                 (c)    The man and his friend   chop   the wood.
                 (d)   The boy  is listening to the radio under the shady tree.        

                 * Verb                 If there is no  is / are      =   No  -ing ; use  root word
1.      One person     =   -s / -es / -ies
2.      More than 1     =   no  ‘s’

NOTE  :    This sentence can be short or long, depending on the idea that is being conveyed.
 

  Compound Sentence
ii.
                                                                       
·         SVO   +   SVO   =   use conjunction 

( 1 )      1 Subject   +   2 Verbs                    use and

Subject

Object
Verb
 

Object

Verb
Subject
  +   * is / are   +                   +  * -ing    +                              and       +
                                                +    * is / are                            * -ing      +                                            
                                               
                        *pronoun       
EXAMPLES:
(a)         A  little  girl     is   cutting        the  paper    with   a   pair   of    scissors    and      she     is
 

Verb (1)

Object
Subject
       pronoun

     sitting         on       the       sofa.
Object

Verb (2)
 





(b)  The  boys  and  their  teacher  arrange  the books  in the library and  they stand near the shelves.
(c)   The gardener  is  trimming the hedges  and  he  is  looking  at the butterfly  near the plants.
(d)  The painter paints the wall with a brush and he wears a pair of gloves to protect his hands.
(e)  The chef fries a fish in the kitchen and he uses a spatula to put it into the wok.


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( 2 )      2  Subjects   +   2 Verbs ( different )                             use  and, but, while or so
Subject

Object
Verb
 

         +   *is / are   +                       +   * -ing   +                        +   and / but / while   +          

Subject

Object
Verb
 

                                 +   *is / are   +                       +   * -ing   +                                               



EXAMPLES :

(a)        The cook       is  preparing  some dishes for the customers  while  his assistant     
Subject (1)

Verb
Subject (2)
Object
 






is  wiping    the plates beside him.
Verb

Object
 



(b)        The boy plays scrabble with his friends but his little sister plays with a doll alone.
(c)         The lorry driver is loading furniture onto his lorry and the owner is talking on his mobile
       phone near the gate.   
(d)         Amin’s grandmother gives him a glass of apple juice, so he smiles at her.
(e)        The reporter talks to the police officer and he writes something in his notebook.




NOTE :              You can use any conjunctions as possible as you can…not only stated in this module. You              
              may ask your teacher.



 Complex Sentence
                           iii.



·         Look at the picture; choose the subject and describe it
·         Use a relative pronoun such as  who,  which or  that  
·         'Who' refers to people, and 'that' and 'which' refer to things
Subject

Verb
Complement
Object
Description
 

                     +    *who   +                                    +                         +                                     or          
 


                                   
(1)   Adjective:                            (2)  Verb:
                         (physical observation)                (Action word)
                          Eg: fat / long hair / thin


*who               You can change this relative pronoun based on the subject stated.
            Use is / are  and –ing in the same way

EXAMPLES:

(a)   The lady,      who    has curly hair       pays    for the items at the counter.
 

           
Subject

Object
Verb
Description
 




       Adjective

            (b)   The hawker,   who      chops some onions,   stands     near the gas stove.    
Complement

Verb
Subject
Description
 






              Verb

            (c)   The books  that  arranged neatly on the table are thick.
            (d)   There are many trophies and medals on the table which are arranged neatly.
            (e)   The cashier, who is standing at the counter, receives some money from the man.

                       

NOTE  :  You may use another words to construct  a complex sentence such as in a… or with a…


UNIT   3                      CONSTRUCTING SENTENCES


Look at the pictures carefully. Then write sentences based on the verb given. Try to find out another verb to write an interesting sentence.

3.1       AT HOME



         Simple     :    A young lady is sewing the cloth with a sewing machine.    

     Compound :.   A young lady is sewing the cloth with a sewing machine
     and she is sitting on the chair.

      Complex    :   A young lady, who is sitting on the chair, sews the cloth
    with a sewing machine.




                                                        Simple     :   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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  Compound    :   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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     Complex    :   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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         Simple     :   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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    Compound   :   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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       Complex   :   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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        Simple     :   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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    Compound  :   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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     Complex    :   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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        Simple     :   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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    Compound  :   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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     Complex    :   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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        Simple     :   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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    Compound  :   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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     Complex    :   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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